GREENBRIER COUNTY W.Va. (WVDN) – A mysterious tick-borne syndrome is rapidly spreading across Virginia and West Virginia, transforming how residents approach outdoor activities and diet, health officials warn. Alpha Gal Syndrome, a potentially life-threatening allergic condition triggered by tick bites, is affecting an estimated half a million Americans, with cases rising in rural areas.
The syndrome causes individuals to develop severe allergic reactions to mammalian meat products after being bitten by certain ticks, primarily the lone star tick prevalent in the southeastern and central United States. It usually begins with someone struggling to understand why they are experiencing intense symptoms after eating meat. The affected tick bite fundamentally changes how their immune system responds to “alpha-gal,” a sugar molecule found in most mammals.
Symptoms can range from mild to potentially fatal, including intense gut pain, nausea, hives, swelling, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Many patients must carry EpiPens and meticulously avoid mammalian meat products like beef, pork, and lamb. Between 2010 and 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified over 110,000 suspected cases.
However, because Alpha Gal Syndrome is not a nationally notifiable condition, the actual number remains uncertain. The syndrome’s rise correlates with increasing tick populations, creating significant public health challenges. While most reported cases involve adults, researchers acknowledge more investigation is needed to understand the scope of cases. Prevention remains critical.
Currently, the Lone Star Tick is the only known subspecies to transmit Alpha-Gal.
Health experts recommend multiple strategies to reduce tick exposure:
Avoid grassy, brushy, and wooded areas.
Walk in trail centers.
Use EPA-registered insect repellents.
Treat clothing with permethrin.
Thoroughly check for ticks after outdoor activities.
Diagnosis involves a comprehensive medical evaluation, including physical examinations, detailed patient histories, and specific antibody tests. Allergists typically manage treatment, guiding patients through dietary restrictions and potential exposure risks.
The syndrome’s complexity extends beyond dietary restrictions. Patients must also consult healthcare providers before taking medications or receiving vaccines, as rare but serious allergic reactions can occur. Local health departments are working diligently to increase public awareness, recognizing that early detection and prevention can significantly mitigate risks.
Community education programs are being developed to help residents understand tick bite prevention and potential symptoms. While no cure currently exists, medical professionals remain optimistic. Avoiding subsequent tick bites can potentially help the immune system recover over time, offering hope for affected individuals. The CDC continues monitoring Alpha Gal Syndrome’s spread, acknowledging significant gaps in current research. Ongoing studies aim to better understand why some individuals develop the syndrome while others remain unaffected.
According to an OP-ED written by West Virginia Delegate Kathie Hess Crouse, “The rise in AGS cases is alarming.” Crouse, who was diagnosed with AGS, also noted that the CDC established a national database to track AGS cases, but many states have yet to make the condition reportable.
House Bill 2776 was introduced during the 2025 spring legislative session. This bill requires the Department of Health to report Alpha-Gal positive tests to the CDC.
As areas confront this emerging health challenge, residents are urged to remain vigilant, prioritize tick prevention, and consult healthcare professionals if unusual symptoms develop after outdoor activities. The syndrome serves as a stark reminder of the complex interactions between environmental factors, tick populations, and human health concerns in an era of changing ecological landscapes.
